北京市丰台区55岁及以上老年人群眼病调查研究

Ivestignation of Ophthalmopathy in Adults Aged 55 or More in Beijing

目的了解北京市丰台区55岁及以上老年人低视力和盲的患病率及致盲原因。方法于2008年2月—2009年1月在北京市丰台区采取随机整群抽样方法 ,在丰台区南苑街道抽取7个居委会,对其女性≥55岁、男性≥60岁老年人进行眼病筛查,检查日常视力,视力≤0.8查针孔视力,应用免散瞳眼底照相机照眼底像,眼底像不清楚者或视力低于0.3的照眼前节像。结果 8178名老年人中,双眼盲患病率为0.89%,低视力患病率为6.9%。男女双眼盲患病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。致盲的前5位疾病为黄斑变性、白内障、视网膜静脉阻塞、眼球萎缩、糖尿病性视网膜病变。造成低视力的前5位疾病为白内障、屈光不正、黄斑变性、糖尿病性视网膜病变、视网膜静脉阻塞。结论黄斑变性是老年人致盲的主要原因,这些难治性致盲疾病日益成为致盲的主要原因,提示应探讨新的防盲策略。

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of blindness and low vision and the cause of blindness in residents aged ≥55 years in Beijing Fengtai.Methods The cluster random sampling method was used to screen the ophthalmopathy among residents aged ≥55 in female or ≥60 in male from 7 communities from Nanyuan blocks,Beijing from February 2008 to January 2009.The items included visual acuity pinhole visual acuity for those whose vision ≤0.8,ocular fundus examined by using non-mydriatie digital camera,and anterior segments for those who had blurred fundus photographs or whose vision ≤0.3.Results Among all the examined 8 178 elders,the prevalence rates of blindness of both eyes and low vision were 0.89% and 6.9% respectively.There was a significant difference in prevalence of blindness of both eyes between males and females （P0.05）,The first five causes for blindness were maculer degeneration,cataract,retinal vein obstraction,eyebollatrophy,and diabeticretinopathy.While the first five causes for low vision were cataract,ametropia,macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy,and retinal vein obstruction.Conclusion The maculer degeneration is the leading cause for blindness of elders.These ophthalmopathies are becoming the main causes to lead to blindness,which suggests that new strategies need to be explored.