新疆哈密地区粉红椋鸟繁殖行为及招引对策的初步研究

Breeding Behavior and Artificial Attraction Countermeasures of Sturnus roseus in Hami,Xinjiang,China

粉红椋鸟(Sturnus roseus)是一种长距离迁徙鸟类,新疆是其在中国境内的繁殖区。本研究于2009年5～7月粉红椋鸟繁殖期内,在哈密巴里坤山前草原地带对其繁殖行为进行了系统的野外观察。结果表明,①粉红椋鸟多选择隐蔽的场所营巢,巢内、外径分别为(8.08±0.38)cm和(25.25±2.82)cm,巢高、深分别为(4.55±1.65)cm和(63.00±35.34)cm,n=8;②粉红椋鸟一年产一窝,窝卵数平均为(4.25±0.71)枚(n=8);孵化率为94.12%,雏鸟成活率为88.24%(n=34);③粉红椋鸟每日不同时段育雏次数差异极显著(P<0.01),每日6:30～7:30、10:30～12:30时出现育雏高峰,平均(7.6±1.1)min育雏一次;④粉红椋鸟雏鸟生长发育呈S型曲线变化。研究结果可为提高粉红椋鸟人工招引率提供理论指导。

The Rose-colored Starling（Sturnus roseus） is a long-distance migratory bird. Xinjiang is the breeding area of the bird in China. Breeding behaviors were studied in Hami natural grasslands from May to July in 2009. The results showed that： ① Adult S. roseus built their nests in covert sites. The inner and outer diameters of the nests were 8. 08 ± 0. 38 cm and 25. 25 ± 2. 82 cm,and the height and depth were 4. 55 ± 1. 65 cm and 63. 00 ± 35. 34 cm,respectively（n = 8）; ② S. roseus reproduced only one clutch within a year,the mean of clutch size was 4. 25 ± 0. 71,n = 8,and the incubation and survive rates were 94. 12% and 88. 24% （ n = 34 ）, respectively; ③ During nestling period,parental feeding times showed significant difference among different hours within a day （P〈0. 01）,with 6：30-7：30 am and 10：30-12：30 am being the peaks,and averaged 7. 6 ± 1. 1 min for the intervals of feedings; ④ The growth curve of the nestlings was＂S＂shape. The results provide the theoretical guidance for the management approach of increasing the population numbers of S. roseus.