“委托-代理”理论视角下的村民自治权力关系

Power relation of villager autonomy from the perspective of principal-agent theory

以"委托-代理"理论的视角来审视村民自治权力关系时,我国《村民委员会组织法》中没有明确规定的村民与村民委员会之间的关系问题能够得到较好的阐释:集合意义上的村民作为宪政体制与村民自治制度设计下的当然权力主体,因自身的知识水平、民主意识、信息能力、组织能力等方面的缺陷,将乡村自治的权力委托给村民委员会行使。集合意义上的村民是委托人,组织形态上的村民委员会是代理人。两者之间的关系形同制度经济学中的"委托-代理"关系。村民委员会受托对村庄的公共事务进行决策与管理。

One drawback of the Organization Law of Villagers＇ Committee is that the relation between villagers and villagers＇ committee is not specifically addressed.However,this problem can be well interpreted if we examine power relation of villager autonomy from the perspective of principal-agent theory.The interpretation is as such：villagers（in a collective sense）,as the main subject in the constitutional system and villagers autonomy design,entrust their autonomous authorities to villagers＇ committee because of their deficiencies in knowledge,democratic awareness and organizational capability,etc.In brief,villagers and villagers＇committee are a kind of principal and agent.The relation between villagers and villagers＇committee is like principal-agent relation of institutional economics.Villagers＇ committee is delegated to manage public affairs of the village.