美国研究生教育发展中的若干关键问题

Study on the Key Issues Concerning Graduate Education in the United States

美国虽然不是世界上最先发展研究生教育的国家,但却是20世纪以来研究生教育最为发达的国家。从19世纪中期现代研究生教育在国内落地生根开始,美国就在业内讨论发展研究生教育的目的,并很快得到各大学的认同及长期落实;在确定目标的基础上,美国大学成为研究生教育发展的主体,它们从理想和现实层面落实研究生教育的目标;与研究生教育相关的其他利益群体,也从维护自身利益出发,积极参与大学关于研究生教育发展方向的讨论。有目标、有行动、有监督的美国研究生教育体系很快就得到了社会各界的认可,并成为世界研究生教育发展的典范。

Not being the first country to develop graduate education,the United States is the place where graduate education became flourishing,as well as the dream country for international students to pursue a doctoral degree.Since the very beginning,some key issues concerning graduate education have been discussed all the time and consensuses have been reached to a large extent.Guided by clear goals,led by the first-class universities,together with other stakeholders＇ effective effort,the U.S.graduate education model is regarded as the most effective system in the world.