3Liu S, Carpenter RL, Neal JM. Epidural anesthesia and analgesia: their- role in postoperative outcome. Anesthesiology, 1995, 82: 1474-1506.
4Wright JW,Heaiy TEJ, Bahour TW, et al. Effects of inhalational anesthetic agents on the electrical and mechanical activity of the rat duodenum. Br J Anesth, 1982, 54( 11 ):1223.
5Schurizek BA. The effects of general anaesthesia on antroduodenal motility, gastric emptying in man. Dan Med bull, 1991, 38(4): 347.
6Tobin MJ. Principles and practice of intrnsive care and monitoringEM].西安:世界图书出版公司.1998:11571.
7Kurz A,Sessler DI,Lenhardt R.Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical wound-infection and shorten hospitalization [J]. N Engl J Med, 1996,334:1209-1215.