松森桃在凯里地区的适应性及栽培技术研究

Research on the Adaptability of Peach in Kaili Region and Its Cultivation Technique

[目的]优化凯里地区桃树品种结构,提高桃树栽培经济效益,实现桃树生产产业化。[方法]在2000～2007年对1998年从郑州地区引进到凯里地区的松森桃的植物学特性、物候期、果实经济性状、丰产性和适应性等进行观测,并对其栽培技术要点进行研究。[结果]松森桃具有结果早、丰产、稳产、果实味甜、果大、品质好、市场价高等优点;6月下旬成熟,平均单果重227g;果面红白色、艳丽;肉脆味甜,含糖量13%,品质上等;花粉多,座果率高,丰产稳产;耐贮运,成熟期正值早桃下市的桃空缺季节,售价高。疏花疏果,人工授粉,重防缩叶病、疮痂病、炭疽病、流胶病等病害和桃桑白蚧、食心虫类、小绿叶蝉、天牛类、红蜘蛛和蚜虫等虫害,整形修剪,施肥以基肥+复合肥为主是其主要栽培技术。[结论]松森桃在凯里地区具有较高的推广价值。

[Objective] The structure of peach variety in the Kaili region was optimized for much more economic efficiency so that the industrialization of peach production would be realized.[Method] The botanical characteristics,phenology,economic trait of fruit,yield and adaptability of peach from 2007 to 2000,introduced from Zhengzhou in 1998,were observed and the key cultivation technique was studied.[Results] The peach was with the following advantage：early fruiting high and stable yield,sweet and large fruit,good quality and high price in market.The peach fruit was maturated in late ten-day of June with average weight of 227 g/each fruit.The peach fruit was with red and white skin with bright color;crisp fruit meat with sweet taste with the content of sugar of 13% and its quality was superior.The peach had the character of many more pollen,high fruiting rate,tolerance to storage.The maturity of it met the demand of market when the early peach was sold out so that it was with high price.Main requirement to its management was flower/fruit-thinning,artificial pollination,control of shrinking-disease,scab,anthracnose,gum disease and others,the prevention of the peach mulberry white scales,moth and small green leaf cicada,beetle,spider,aphids and others,pruning,fertilization of mainly basal pulsing compound fertilizer.[Conclusion] The peach was worthy to be extended in the Kaili area.