澳洲坚果嫁接技术研究

Study on Grafting Techniques of Macadamia integrifolia

[目的]为澳洲坚果苗木繁育提供试验依据。[方法]以澳洲坚果品种800的实生苗为砧木,H2、O.C、788为接穗,研究不同嫁接时期、嫁接方式和砧木粗度对嫁接成活率的影响。[结果]嫁接方法相同时,2月下旬嫁接成活率最高,平均成活率为53.3%,其次为秋季嫁接,平均成活率为48.3%;嫁接方法和嫁接时间相同时,砧木茎径为0.90～1.29cm时嫁接成活率最高,平均成活率为79.0%;在相同条件下,短枝切接法嫁接成活率最高,平均为80.0%,其次为切接和枝腹嫁接法,平均成活率分别为61.00%和48.50%,嵌芽接成活率最低,仅为32.5%。[结论]澳洲坚果的适宜嫁接措施为:砧木粗度1.0～1.3cm,嫁接时间为雨水前后10d,嫁接方式为短枝切接。

[Objective] The study was to provide the experimental basis for seedlings production of Macadamia integrifolia.[Method] With seedlings of M.integrifolia variety 800 as the rootstocks,H2,OC,788 as the scions,the effects of different grafting times,grafting methods and rootstock coarseness on the survival rate of grafting were studied.[Results] When the grafting methods were similar,the survival rate of grafting was the highest in late February with average survival rate of 53.3%,followed by grafting in autumn with average survival rate of 48.3%.When the grafting method and grafting time were similar,the survival rate of grafting was the highest when the diameter of rootstock stem was 0.90-1.29 cm,and the average survival rate was 79.0%.Under the same conditions,the survival rate of cut grafting with short scion was the highest with the average survival rate of 80.0%,followed by cut grafting and branch ventral grafting with the average survival rates of 61.00% and 48.50% resp.The survival rate of bud grafting was the lowest,only being 32.5%.[Conclusion] The optimum grafting measures for M.integrifolia was rootstock coarseness of 1.0-1.3 cm,grafting time of before or after 10 days of rain,grafting method of cut grafting with short scion.