珠江口土地利用及景观格局动态变化研究

Analysis of Land Uses and Landscape Pattern Changes in Coastal Area along Pearl River Estuary

运用遥感与地理信息系统技术,对珠江口地区1990年、1995年、2000年和2005年的4期遥感影像数据进行解译判读,结合土地利用动态度模型和景观生态学数量方法分析了珠江口土地利用和景观格局的变化。结果表明:①珠江口处于典型的经济高速发展地区,土地类型变化明显,并呈现出较强的时空分异特征。15年来,耕地和林地面积明显减少,与此同时,建设用地长势强劲。②类型水平上景观格局指数显示,除面积加权平均斑块分维数外,景观类型的其他几个景观指数的差异性很大,尤其1990～1995年变化最为明显。③景观水平的格局指数显示,1990～2005年间珠江口地区景观格局发生较大的变化,斑块数量显著增加,各种景观指数表明区域景观破碎化程度增加,多样性增加。

Taking advantage of remote sensing （RS） technology and geographic information system （GIS） technology to interpret the four periods’ data of remote sensing images of Pearl River Estuary in the years of 1990,1995,2000,and 2005,the changes in land use and landscape pattern of Pearl River Estuary have been analyzed with reference to land use dynamic model and quantitative method in landscape ecology.The results indicate several points as follows.①Located in the region typical of high-speed economic development,Pearl River Estuary shows noticeable changes in land types and evident spatial temporal difference.During these 15 years,the areas of cultivated land and forests have experienced dramatic decline while the land for construction purposes shows a trend of powerful increase.②On the prospect of variation,landscape metrics have indicated great differences among other landscape indices except for Area-Weighted Mean Patch Fractal Dimension especially during the period from 1990 to 1995 which experiences the most obvious changes.③On the prospect of landscape,pattern indices also indicate great changes in the landscape pattern of Pearl River Estuary from 1990 to 2005 as well as noticeable increase in the number of patches,and various landscape indices show the increase in the degree of regional landscape fragmentation and increase in diversity.