无患子皂苷粗提物杀虫活性研究

Preliminary Study on Insecticidal Activity of Extract of Saponins from Sapindus miukurossi Gatren

[目的]为无患子皂苷应用于杀虫剂的开发提供理论依据,为开发利用云南省无患子属植物资源提供基础。[方法]通过浸渍法、饲料混药法、无限量取食法提取无患子中的皂苷,再进行对小菜蛾、玉米象、果蝇的室内毒力测定。[结果]无患子粗提取物皂苷对玉米象没有活性,对小菜蛾和果蝇有毒杀活性,但对果蝇的毒力较高,浓度为50.000mg/ml时,72h果蝇的死亡率为100%,72h对果蝇的LC为4.06mg/ml,浓度为25.000mg/ml时对果蝇的LT为30.19h。[结论]无患子皂苷可以作为植物源农药的材料而开发利用。

[Objective]The study aimed to provide the theoretical basis for the development of Sapindus miukurossi in the application of pesticides and provide the foundation for the development and utilization of Sapindus species resources in Yunnan Province.[Method]The saponins from S.miukurossi was extracted by he methods of dip-molding,feed mixed with drug,feeding with unlimited number and then the indoor toxicity test was made on Plutella xylostelal（Linnaeus）,Sitophilus zeamais motschulsky and Drosophila.[Result]The crude extract of saponins from S.miukurossi had no activity to S.zeamais motschulsky and had the poisonous activity on P.xylostelal and Drosophila.It had high virulence on Drosophila and when the saponins was 50.000 mg/ml,the mortality rate of the Drosophila was 100% and the LC50 was 4.06 mg/ml at 72 h;when the saponins was 25.000 mg/ml the LT50 still was 30.19 h.[Conclusion]The saponins from S.miukurossi could be developed and utilized as the material for plant-based insecticides.