农民土地权益保障的困境与出路

Dilemma and Out about Protection of Farmers' Land Right

分析了我国农民土地权益保障的现实困境:一是农村集体土地产权虚置;二是农村集体土地主体虚位;三是农村集体土地权能残缺;四是农民的物质帮助权缺失。提出了加强农民土地权益保障的路径:一是完善农民土地权益保障的立法;二是科学设置农村土地权益,包括明确规定农村土地的集体所有制的法律性质为农民按份共有、明确界定农地所有权主体、消除产权残缺与确保农民产权的完整化、明确界定公共利益的范围、明确规定征地主体对原产权人合理补偿原则5点;三是完善农村村民自治;四是规范征地制度,包括规范土地流转的程序与控制耕地征收、确立公平补偿标准与规范土地补偿程序2个方面;五是加强土地流转过程中的司法监督;六是加快农民合作经济组织发展与培植农民维权组织。

The current plights of farmers＇ land rights in China are analyzed.They cover the vain installation of the security of farmers＇ land rights,vain position of the dominant role played by rural collective land,incomplete functions of rural collective land and the inadequate material assistance of farmers.The solutions for ensuring the security of farmers＇ land rights are put forward,in the first place,perfecting the legislation of guaranteeing farmers＇ land rights.In the second place,scientifically installing the rural land rights,which covers the following aspects,such as,clearly defining that the collective ownership of rural land belongs to farmers in law;clearly defining the main body of rural land property and eliminating the shortage of property rights;demarcating the range of public interests and clearly stipulating the reasonable compensation of main body of land expropriation.In the third place,villagers＇ autonomy should be perfected.In the forth place,standardizing the system of land expropriation,which includes the two aspects of normalizing the land transference procedure and the control of collecting land tax,and establishing fair compensation standard and normalizing land compensation procedure.In the fifth place,strengthening land transference and judiciary,and enforcing supervision;in the sixth place,accelerating the development of peasants＇ cooperative economic organizations and cultivating peasants＇ rights keeping organization.