自然保护区生态旅游开发模式研究

Ecotourism Development Modes of Nature Reserves

生态旅游是自然保护区保护性开发的重要途径。通过分析自然保护区生态旅游开发的必要性,借鉴国内外对保护区生态旅游开发的成功经验,提出了"保护、开发、管理"三位一体的自然保护区生态旅游开发新模式(简称NRPTEM),该模式包括保护、开发、管理三大系统和生物多样性保护、地质遗迹保护、人文生态保护、环境检测、科学规划、产品开发、市场开拓、设施建设、能力建设、社区共管、环境教育、管理创新12项工程,以及人为因素这项重要结构要素。阐明了在自然保护区生态旅游开发这个复杂而庞大的系统过程中,保护、开发与管理三大系统及其内在的12项重要结构要素之间的关系,以及人为因素在三大系统中的主导作用。

Ecotourism is a significant approach for the protective development of nature reserves.Through analyzing the necessity of developing ecotourism,learning from the successful ecotourism development cases of nature reserves in China and abroad,the authors proposed a new Nature Reserve Protective Tourism Exploring Mode（NRPTEM）with the integration of ＂protection,development and management＂,such a mode contains 3 systems（protection,development and management）,12 projects（biodiversity protection,geological remains protection,protection of human ecology,environment monitoring,scientific planning,product development,market expansion,facility construction,capacity building,community co-management,environment education and management innovation）as well as human factors（a kind of critical structural factor）.The relationship between these items in the complicated process of ecotourism development of nature reserves was elaborated,and the dominant role of human factors in the 3 systems was also put forward.