新疆阿图什市土壤盐渍化现状及特征分析——以格达良乡为例

SOIL SALINIZATION SITUATION AND CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS IN ATUX CITY OF XINJIANG: A CASE STUDY IN THE GEDALIANG VILLAGE

在野外考察、GPS定点和土壤采样分析的基础上,运用统计特征值、相关分析等方法,对新疆阿图什市格达良乡土壤盐离子含量、土壤总碱度与离子含量的关系以及盐离子间相关性进行了分析,从而对该区土壤盐渍化现状及特征进行了研究。结果表明,该地区土壤pH值大于8(平均值为8.43),属于碱性土壤。土壤含盐量较高,荒地区0～15cm土层盐分含量最大,平均值达到12.36%;耕地区0～15cm土层盐分含量2.28%。土壤阳离子主要以Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+为主,土体中的含盐量为K++Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+,阴离子在土体中的含盐量为SO42->HCO3->Clˉ,而CO32ˉ在实验中未检测到。荒地土壤中0～15cm的土层SO42-与K++Na+均呈极显著正相关,相关系数达到0.99,从而进一步说明该区土壤盐渍化为硫酸盐型。该区土壤盐渍化是在自然和人类活动共同作用下形成的,通过节水灌溉、完善灌排系统等措施可有效的改良盐渍土。

Based on the analysis of field survey, GPS anchor point and siol sampling, using statistical eigen value and correlation analysis methods, the relationship between the siol salt ion content, soil amount alkalinity and the correlation among the salt ions was analyzed, so the soil salinization status and characteristics in the area were studied. The results suggested that, the soil of this area had pH value of beyond 8 （average value is 8.43）, belonged to alkali soil. Salt content was relatively high, in the natural area, salt content in 0-15 cm soil depths was the highest, average value reached to 12.36%; salt content in 0-15 cm soil depths was 2.28% in the irrigation area. Salt cations were mainly consisted of Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、K^＋、Na^＋, salt content of soil was K^＋＋Na^＋〉Ca^2＋〉Mg^2＋, anion content in soil was SO4^2-〉HCO3^-〉Cl^-, but CO3^2- was not detected. In the natural area, salt contents showed significant active correlation between SO42-and K＋＋Na＋ in 0～15cm soil depths, correlation coefficient reached to 0.99, accordingly the salinization of this area belonged to sulfate salinization. The reasons for soil salinization inthis area include natural factors and human activities, water–saving irrigation and improved irrigation and drainage systems are effective measures to control soil salinization.