试析汉画中的天马

ANALYSIS ON THE HEAVENLY HORSE "TIANMA" IN THE HAN DYNASTY STONE RELIEVES

汉代喜尚马,是其它朝代所不能比拟的。在现存的汉画中,马便成为最突出的时代特征。马在农业和战争中发挥的巨大作用是汉代产生马崇拜习俗、出现天马的根源所在。天马是汉代人对一般意义上的马的神格化,其具有显著的"神性"特征,是汉代先民崇马至极的必然产物。汉画中的天马并非都有外在的特征,有的有翼,有的无翼,但它们都是主要用来作为升仙工具的,是汉代人升仙思想的一种反映。

The Han Dynasty has a greater preference for horse than any other dynasties.Thus the horse has become the most distinctive characteristics of the time in the Han Dynasty stone relieves.The great role that the horse had played in agriculture and war is the root of the horse-worship and the appearance of the heavenly horse in the Han Dynasty.Heavenly horse is the deification of the common horse by the Han people and has the characteristics of godship,it is the necessary result of their horse-worship.Not all the heavenly horses in the Han Dynasty stone relieves have exterior characteristics.Some are with wings and others not,however,they are implement of immortalization,and reflect the immortalization idea of the Han people.