柴达木地区不同氮磷钾配比与马铃薯叶片光合特性的关系

Research on the Different Ratio of N,P and K-Fertilization for the Potato in Qaidam Region and its Photosynthetic Characteristics

[目的]通过不同配比的氮磷钾施肥处理,探讨马铃薯植株叶片光合特性与产量的关系。[方法]以青薯6号为试验材料,采用3因素2次通用旋转组合设计,研究柴达木地区马铃薯氮磷钾肥的施用量与块茎产量、叶绿素含量、叶片光合速率之间的关系。[结果]马铃薯氮磷钾肥的施用量与块茎产量、叶绿素含量、叶片光合速率之间有极显著的回归关系。在低施肥量范围内,块茎产量、叶绿素含量、叶片光合速率随着氮、磷、钾肥施用量的增加而呈递增趋势,当块茎产量、叶绿素含量、叶片光合速率达到最高点后,随着氮、磷、钾肥施用量的增加,块茎产量、叶绿素含量、叶片光合速率不再增加。叶绿素含量与光合效率密切相关,其相关密切程度高于叶绿素含量与块茎产量、光合速率与块茎产量的相关程度。[结论]马铃薯块茎产量最高时的最优施肥量组合为:N239.2kg/hm2、P2O5240.0kg/hm2、K2O119.6kg/hm2。叶绿素含量、光合速率最高时的施肥量最优组合为:N239.2kg/hm2、P2O5191.3kg/hm2、K2O119.6kg/hm2。

[Objective] The relationship between photosynthetic characteristics and potato yield was explored through the experiment in the different ratio of N,P and K-fertilization.[Method] The relationship between the amount of N,P and K-fertilization and the tuber yield,the content of chlorophyll,the photosynthetic rate of leaf of the potato variety-Qingshu-6 planted in Qaidam Area was experimented with the three-factor quadratic universal rotary combination design.[Results] The results showed that there was a significant regression relationship between the amount of N,P and K-Fertilization and the tuber yield,the content of chlorophyll,the photosynthetic rate of leaf of the variety.In the range of low N-fertilization,the tuber yield,the content of chlorophyll,the photosynthetic rate of leaf were increased with the increment of N,P and K-fertilization.The tuber yield,the content of chlorophyll and the photosynthetic rate of leaf would not be raised with the increment of N,P and K-fertilization when they reached its highest point.The content of chlorophyll in potato was closely related to the photosynthetic efficiency,which relevance was closer than that between the content of chlorophyll and the tuber yield,and that between the photosynthetic rate of leaf and the tuber yield.[Conclusion] The optimal combination of fertilization for the highest yield of potato tuber was N,239.2 kg/hm2,P2O5,240.0 kg/hm2 and K2O,119.6 kg/hm2.The optimal combination of fertilization for the highest content of chlorophyll and the largest photosynthetic rate of leaf was N,239.2 kg/hm2;P2O5,191.3 kg/hm2 and K2O,119.6 kg/hm2.