柴达木盆地种植“宁杞1号”品种与环境气象因子变化规律的探讨

Discussion on Change Rule between Ningqi 1 Variety Planted in Qaidam Basin and Environmental Meteorological Factors

[目的]探讨柴达木盆地枸杞植物品种与环境气象因子之间的变化规律。[方法]描述枸杞品种宁杞1号植物学特性、生长特性和生理因子变化规律,利用柴达木盆地1973～2008年的气象观测资料,探讨宁杞1号与外界环境因子(日照、温度、水分、土壤)的变化规律。[结果]宁杞1号属于喜光植物,光合速率较大,表现为双峰型,峰值出现在12:00和16:00,且存在光合午休现象;叶片蒸腾速率日变化亦呈双峰型;叶片周围的温度比大田温度高0.2～0.5℃左右;环境气象因子中,平均相对湿度和平均气温是影响枸杞果实形成的关键因子;气温18℃是形成大粒枸杞的适宜温度。[结论]宁杞1号可作为柴达木盆地种植的首选品种,建议其可作为优势品种在柴达木盆地进行种植和推广。

[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the change rule between Matrimony vine variety planted in Qaidam Basin and the environmental meteorological factors.[Method] The botany characteristic,growth feature and physiological factor change rule of M.vine variety were described.The meteorological observation data from 1973 to 2008 were used to discuss the change rule between M.vine variety Ningqi 1 and the environmental factors including the sunlight,temperature,water and soil.[Result] Ningqi 1 belonged to the heliophile.It had greater photosynthesis rate,showing a double peak,and the peak value appeared at 12：00 and 16：00,and it had the midday depression of photosynthesis.The diurnal variation of transpiration rate in the leaves showed a double peak and the temperature around leaves was 0.2-0.5 ℃ higher than that in the field.Among the environment meteorological factors,the average relative humidity and the average temperature were the key factors that affected the forming of M.vine fruit.The temperature at 18 ℃ was the suitable temperature for forming the big grain M.vine.[Conclusion] Ningqi 1 could be taken as the first choice variety in Qaidam Basin,so it was suggested that it may taken as the superiority variety and could be planted and popularized in Qaidam Basin.