库布齐沙漠植被特征与土壤营养状况的研究

Study on vegetation characteristics and soil nutrition of Kubuqi Desert

通过实地定位观测的方法,研究库布齐流动沙地、半固定沙地、固定沙地和人工种植的沙打旺（As-tragalus adsurgens）和塔落岩黄芪（Hedysarumlaeve）植被与土壤养分特征变化。结果表明：土壤营养与盖度相互关联,总体趋势是植被水平高的其土壤营养含量也升高。天然植被的土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、全磷、全钾以及土壤蛋白酶、脲酶、转化酶含量均为固定沙地最多,其次为半固定沙地,流动沙地最少。人工种植的沙打旺和塔落岩黄芪植被土壤养分多数高于天然植被,其中,有机质、全氮、速效氮、全磷含量比天然植被分别高79.8%、15.0%、41.7%和29.3%,土壤蛋白酶、脲酶、多酚氧化酶和转化酶的活性比天然植被分别高30.6%、59.2%、8.6%和90.8%。群落组成为一、二年生植物种占44%~63%,多年生植物种占25%~43%,灌木和半灌木占8%~18%。植物种的多样性为半固定沙地〉固定沙地〉流动沙地。生物量为塔落岩黄芪〉沙打旺〉固定沙地〉半固定沙地〉流动沙地。

The vegetation and soil nutrition characteristics of flow sandy land semi-fixed sandy land,fixed sandy land,and planted Astragalus adsurgens and Hedysarum laeve communities in Kubuqi Desert were studied.The results showed that the soil nutrient contents correlated with the vegetation coverage and the general trend was that the soil nutrient content of high coverage vegetation was high.Among the natural vegetations,the content order of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,and soil protease,urease,invertase levels was fixed sandy land semi-fixed sandy land flow sandy land.The soil nutrient content of planted vegetation was higher than the natural vegetation.In which,the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus were 44.4%,13.0%,29.5% and 22.7% higher.The contents of soil protease,urease,polyphenol oxidase and invertase activity were 23.41%,37.10%,7.96% and 47.41% higher.Within community,the annual and biennial plants accounted for 44% to 63%,perennial species 25% to 43%,shrub and subshrub 8% to 18%.The diversity order was semi-fixed sandy landfixed sandy landflow sandy land.As for biomass,the order was H.leaveA.adsurgensfixed sandy landsemi-fixed sandy landflow sandy land.