地下滴灌条件下氮磷钾配施对甘蔗产量及其构成因素的影响

Effects of combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on sugarcane yield and its components with subsurface drip irrigation

采用农业部《测土配方施肥技术规范》推荐的"3414"方案设计,研究了地下滴灌条件下氮磷钾配施对甘蔗产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:在试验条件下,甘蔗产量最高的是处理N2P0K2,达114.0 t/ha,比不施肥处理N0P0K0增产28.4%,达显著差异水平;氮肥对甘蔗有效茎数和下部茎径影响最大,其中对下部茎径的影响达显著差异水平,磷、钾肥对甘蔗产量构成因素也有一定影响;地上部分干重、有效茎数与甘蔗产量呈显著正相关,是决定甘蔗产量的主要因素。因此,实际生产中应重视地下滴灌与氮磷钾配方施肥技术的合理运用,以提高甘蔗产量和效益,促进甘蔗产业跨越式发展。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of combined application of nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） on sugarcane yield and its components under subsurface drip irrigation using ‘3414’ project design which was recommended by the technical rule of soil testing and formulated fertilization.The results showed that under experimental conditions the highest sugarcane yield（114.0 t/ha） was obtained in the treatment of N2P0K2,（375.00,0 and 420.00 kg/ha N,P2O5 and K2O,respectively） and 28.4% significantly higher than the treatment of N0P0K0（No N,P and K fertilizer）.Nitrogen fertilizer was the most important factor which affected the number of millable stalks and diameter of bot-tom internodes.The influence of nitrogen on diameter of bottom internodes was significant.Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers also showed influences on the components of sugarcane yield.The sugarcane yield was positively correlated with the aboveground dry weight and millable stalks and they were the main factors that have the greatest effects on the sugarcane yield.Therefore,proper use of subsurface drip irrigation and combined application of N,P and K were conducive to increase sugarcane yield and impel the sugarcane industry to implement leap-forward development.