四种小哺乳动物四肢长骨重量配置分析

Weight Allocation of Limb Long Bones of Four Small Mammal Species

统计分析了甘肃鼢鼠Myospalax cansus、SD大鼠Rattus norvegicus、高原鼠兔Ochotona curzoniae及根田鼠Microtus oeconomu四种小哺乳动物四肢长骨(肱骨、桡尺骨、股骨和胫腓骨)重量分布和相互关联性。结果表明:1)与其他三种动物不同,甘肃鼢鼠前肢长骨重量大于后肢,且桡尺骨重量大于肱骨,体现了地下啮齿类对大量挖掘活动的适应性进化;2)SD大鼠和高原鼠兔虽然隶属不同的科,生活史特征迥异,其四肢长骨重量的分布却具有趋同性;3)四种动物不同骨骼重量之间都呈现出极显著相关性,然而其相关系数大小却表现为甘肃鼢鼠>SD大鼠>根田鼠>高原鼠兔,反映了不同挖掘强度的物种对四肢长骨之间协调性有不同要求;4)在重量百分比相互关系上,近端长骨(肱骨或股骨)和远端长骨(桡尺骨或胫腓骨)之间呈现出负相关关系,而近端或远端长骨之内仅有甘肃鼢鼠的肱骨和股骨呈现出显著正相关关系,显示近端骨骼和远端骨骼分属两类相互竞争的资源投资模块。

Weight distribution and relationships among of limb long bones（humerus,radius-ulna,femur,and tibia-fibula）of four small mammal species,Myospalax cansus,Rattus norvegicus,Ochotona curzoniae and Microtus oeconomu,were analyzed.The results showed that：i）M.cansus had heavier forelimb long bones than hind limb and its radius-ulna was also heavier than the humerus,indicating its adaptation to digging as a typical subterranean rodent species;ii）although R.norvegicus and O.curzoniae belong to different families and have very different life styles from each other,the weight distributions of their limb long bones were very similar;iii）significant correlations among limb long bones in each species were detected,moreover,the correlation coefficients ranked as follows：M.cansusR.norvegicusM.oeconomuO.curzoniae,reflecting the species with different limb long bones have different requires for the harmony of digging activities;iv）at the weight percentage level,the proximal long bones（humerus or femur）were usually negatively correlated with the distal long bones（radius-ulna or tibia-fibula）,while the relationships with proximal or distal long bones were weak（except for a positive correlation between humerus or femur in M.cansus）,and we suggested that the proximal and distal long bones belonged to two competitive resource allocation groups.