应用无尾两栖类蝌蚪进行污染物毒理实验设计的常见问题

Common Experimental Design Problems in Anuran Tadpoles' Pollution Toxicology Studies

无尾两栖类的幼体蝌蚪是很好的水体污染指示物种,近年来,国内这方面的研究也越来越多。本文总结了研究生论文和部分已发表论文中本类研究的常见错误,指出实验设计中需要注意的重要问题。在实验动物的选择上可以尽量选择发育迅速的常见种蝌蚪以缩短实验周期、减少实验成本。为保证各个处理组之间结果的可比较性和实验的可重复性,需要选择发育期相近、体型大小相似的个体进行实验。我们建议使用Gosner于1960年提出的发育分期方法描述蝌蚪发育期;在试剂选用上,建议根据农药成分购买相应化学试剂进行针对性实验,以掌握各种药物对蝌蚪的影响;在对实验材料描述时必须采用通用名,并说明组成成分及浓度,而且对于主要成分应该用化学名描述;实验设计中应该注意设置合理的对照;数据分析上需要注意参数与非参数统计方法的选择,对于重复测量的符合假设数据应该使用重复测量的方差分析。

In recent years,many toxicology studies have been carried out with anuran tadpoles in China,since they are believed to be perfect indicator species for aquatic pollution.But there were some common experimental design problems in some research papers.In this paper,we pointed out these common problems in experimental designs.In order to avoid these problems,we suggested that tadpoles of common species with rapid development were good materials for these toxicology studies in consideration of experiment period and expense.Tadpoles with similar development stage and size should be chosen to guarantee the comparability among experiment groups and repeatability of similar experiments.System of Gosner（1960）was suggested to describe development stages of tadpoles.To precisely understand the effects of chemical composition of agricultural chemicals,we suggested using chemical regents corresponding to composition of agricultural chemicals instead of agricultural chemicals.Agricultural chemicals should be described with generic name,composition and density.Main composition should be described with chemical name.Proper control groups were very important to guarantee comparability of experiments.Parametric method and nonparametric method should be chosen correctly,based on data distribution.We suggested analyzing repeat measured data with repeated measured ANOVA.