花药离体培养研究进展

Advances of in vitro anther culture

花药培养在植物离体培养中占有重要地位。自1964年首次利用曼陀罗的花药培养得到绿色植株后,先后在烟草、水稻、小麦、大麦和玉米等作物上取得成功,园艺作物大白菜、小白菜、甘蓝型油菜、芜菁、结球甘蓝、石刁柏、枣、草莓等的花培也取得成功,尤其在水稻和小麦上的进展更是突飞猛进。通过花药培养可以得到单倍体植株,在杂交育种、抗性育种与诱变育种具有重要意义,并能克服远缘杂交育种中的不育性和分离性。

As an indispensable part of in vitro plant tissue culture,anther culture made great success since green shoots were induced from in vitro anther of stramonium in 1964.Abundant culture-systems of anther were established in many plants.Such as： tobacco,rice,wheat,barley,maize and other crops;Chinese cabbage,Chinese mustard,Brassica napus,turnip,cabbage,common asparagus root,jujube,strawberry and other horticultural crops.The haploid plants from anther culture were propitious to cross breeding,breeding for stress resistance and induce breeding,which vercome sterile and generation segregation in distant hybridization.