“外国文学史”编写中的主观性问题

The Issue of Subjectivity in the Compiling of "the History of Foreign Literature"

本文通过对跨文化重构的目的与手段、文学史的"真实性"本质、"外国文学史"的性质三个方面的论证,为"外国文学史"编写中的主观性辩护。跨文化重构是一种借权力实现制控的再创造活动,主体性介入是其必然的文化逻辑,是确保重构目的实现的重要手段,文化逻辑中的内在冲突是可以克服的。文学史具有主观真实性,这为跨文化重构中的主体性介入提供了可能。作为跨文化重构形式之一的"外国文学史",尽管其观照的对象是世界各国各民族文学发展的历史,但其实质是对多国文学所共有事实进行的总体文学研究,属于文学研究范畴。作为文学研究,它所产生的就不只是客体本身的知识,同时还包括主体对客体的价值判断。

This paper provides a defense for the subjectivity in the compiling of ＂the history of foreign literature＂ from three aspects,i.e.,the goal and method of cross-cultural re-construction,the essence of ＂truthfulness＂ in history of literature,and the character of ＂the history of foreign literature＂.Cross-cultural re-construction is a re-creation activity in which the power is used in order to realize control,the introducing of subjectivity is an inevitable cultural logic,and an important way to ensure the realization of the goal of this re-construction.The history of literature has a subjective truthfulness,which provides the possibility for introducing subjectivity in cross-cultural re-construction.Although its observation objects is the history of the literature development of all countries and nations,＂The history of foreign literature＂,as one of the forms of cross-cultural re-construction,is essentially a general research on the shared reality of literature of multi-nations,and belong to the category of literary research.As literary research,what it produced should not only be the objective knowledge it self,but also subjective value judgment on the object.