包膜控释掺混尿素对双季稻生长及氮素利用率的影响

Effects of the Controlled-Release Compound Urea on the Growth of Rice and the Utilizing Rate of Nitrogen

为了比较常规分次施肥和包膜控释掺混尿素对双季稻生长及氮素利用率的影响,在田间条件下,研究了不同施肥处理对双季稻分蘖数、叶绿素含量、各个生育期植株含氮量、稻草稻谷产量及氮素利用率等因素的影响。结果表明:(1)在早稻上,控释掺混尿素处理的以上各测试指标均高于常规分次施氮肥处理,各指标两处理之间差异均不显著(P<0.05)。控释掺混尿素的氮肥利用率为40.08%,显著高于常规分次施氮肥的32.47%,而一次基施氮肥的利用率只有19.50%。(2)在晚稻上,常规分次施氮肥处理的稻谷产量高于控释掺混尿素处理,差异不显著(P<0.05),其他各项测试指标均低于控释掺混尿素处理。控释掺混尿素和常规分次施氮肥的氮素利用率分别为39.91%、39.58%,二者显著高于一次基施氮肥的28.14%。由此可见,科学合理的施用包膜控释掺混尿素可以提高双季稻生产的经济效益,提高氮素利用率,减少资源的浪费,保护土壤生态环境。

To compare the effects of the conventional splitting fertilization and the controlled-release compound urea on the growth of double cropping rice and the utilizing rate of nitrogen,the experiment was carried out in the field,and the testing items were the stem numbers per hill,the SPAD value,the nitrogen content of plant and grain,the yield of grain and straw.The major findings were summarized as following：（1）As for the early rice,the stem numbers per hill,the SPAD value,the nitrogen content of plant and grain,the yield of grain and straw of the treatment of the controlled-release compound urea were higher than those of the treatment of the conventional splitting fertilization under the equal amount of nitrogen application.But there was no statistically significant difference between the two treatments（P0.05）.Besides,the nitrogen utilizing rate of the controlled-release compound urea was the highest in the early rice,which was 40.08%,and the nitrogen utilizing rate of the conven-tional splitting fertilization took second place,which was 32.47%.But that of only one time application as basal fertilization was 19.50%.（2）As for the later rice,there was no significant difference in all the testing items between the controlled-release compound urea and the conventional splitting fertilization under the equal rate of nitrogen application（P0.05）.But the grain yield of later rice was higher than that of the controlled-release compound urea.The nitrogen utilizing rates of the controlled-release compound urea and the conventional splitting fertilization were 39.91%,39.58% respectively in the later rice,and both were significantly higher than that of the only one time basal fertilization,which was 28.14%.It suggested that an appropriate application of the controlled-release compound urea could increase the economic interest of the double cropping rice and improve nitrogen nutrient use efficiency,which benefit to save the resource and protect the soil entironment.