释卢梭的“像以往一样地自由”

To Interpret Rousseua's "to Remain as Free as Before"

卢梭在《社会契约论》中认为,在政治共同体中一个人应该"像以往一样地自由"。但卢梭自己在《社会契约论》中却并没有对这个概念做出解释。因此,有学者就从霍布斯-洛克式自由的角度理解卢梭的这个概念。我们认为这是不正确的。第一,卢梭在他早期的《政治经济学》中实际上已经反驳了这种理解;第二,卢梭的自由指的是人与人之间不能有意志上的相互奴役,这根本不同于霍布斯-洛克式的自由。但应该如何在政治共同体中实现这种自由呢?卢梭认为必须到"自然自由"中去寻找,因为"自然自由"的两个特征可以保障在政治共同体中一个人的意志不会受到另一个人的意志奴役。因此,卢梭的"像以往一样地自由"指的是"自然自由"。

In Social Contract,Rousseau proposes a concept of freedom,that is ＂to remain as free as before＂.But in Social Contract,Rousseau himself doesn＇t try to explain the meaning of the phrase.Theerfore,some scholars try to interpret this concept of freedom as Hobbes-Locke＇s.But we think this is not a correct solution.First,in his earlier＂Political Economy＂,Rousseau argues that it is not right to understand this concept of freedom in the perspectiv of Hobbes-Locke＇s view.Second,Rousseau＇s freedom means that one＇ will is not subject to some else＇s.In order to achieve the ideal of Rousseau＇s freedom,only can we find it in the Natural Freedom.Thus,Rousseau＇s ＂to remain as free as before＂ refers to the Natural Freedom.