胡塞尔和维特根斯坦论终极辩护

Ultimate Justification in Husserl and Wittgenstein

胡塞尔的终极辩护观没有引起学界的注意。辩护有两个要素,知觉和证据的转移。胡塞尔早在一百年前阐述了这两个要素。他认为,知觉是不充分决定的,我们的意向对象决定了我们的经验。胡塞尔的知觉理论超越了维特根斯坦。胡塞尔与维特根斯坦都深受詹姆斯(W.James)的影响。在他们的辩护观中,他们对反思平衡和生活世界的理解有许多相似之处,但他们在辩护的终极基础问题和生活世界有无确定性基础的问题上存有分歧。

Husserl’s theory of Ultimate Justification has not been noticed by academia. Two elements are involved in justification, perception and transfer of evidence, which had been elaborated by Husserl one hundred years before. He thought that perception is underdetermined, and that our noema make up our experiences. Husserl’s perception theory go far beyond Wittgenstein’s. Both Husserl and Wittgenstein are deeply influenced by James. They have many similarities on the understanding of the Reflective equilibrium and the life-world in their theory of Justification. But they have divergences on such two points, that is, the ultimate foundations for justification and the certain foundations for the life-world.