求生与保皇——试论维新派流亡者的外交活动

Seeking to Survive and Keeping Royal:On the Diplomacy of Reformers-in-Exile

1898年9月,戊戌变法失败后,康有为和梁启超等人被迫出走海外,以维新派流亡者的政治角色继续活动。在引渡维新派流亡者的问题上,清政府和英、日等国政府发生外交纠纷。维新派流亡者在英日朝野展开游说活动,争取英国和日本对保皇活动的支持。维新派流亡者的涉外活动加剧了清政府与英日两国的矛盾,在客观上进一步孤立了清政府,促成了清政府外交政策的失序。可以说,维新派流亡者对清政府的外交孤立活动与清政府在义和团战争中的外交严重失序有着不可分离的因果链条。

The reform of 1898 failed and some leaders including Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao was forced to leave China and became exiles.The problem on extraditing these exiles became a diplomatic dispute among the Qing government,Japan and Britain.Kang and Liang went lobbying in government and public of Japan and Britain for getting help of both of countries.The exiles’activity aggravated tension the Qing government and both of countries and made the Qing government isolated in diplomacy.The diplomatic policy of the Qing government became more disorder.It can be said that isolating the Qing government in foreign countries of the exiles had causality with the serious diplomatic dispute of the Qing government in the Boxer War in 1900.