乌斯宾斯基诗学研究的符号学方法探析

Analyzing Semiotical Methods of Uspenskij's Poetic Research

符号学既与其它学科并行,又是其它学科的工具。从符号学视野来探析乌斯宾斯基以文本视点结构为研究主旨的结构诗学理论,他在《结构诗学》中一方面强调艺术文本结构的整体性和系统性,另一方面又突出符号系统的动态性和开放性。他利用莫里斯的符号分类思想从视点角度探讨了艺术文本中的视点语义学、语构学和语用学,但其结构诗学理论更多的是对视点结构进行共时性的研究,而没有强调历时性,忽略了时间对读者接受的影响,同时也没有足够地重视读者在文本视点结构建构中的作用。

Semiotics not only runs parallel to other disciplines but also constitutes a theoretic tool for them. In order to understand the semiotical methods of Russian poetic research, this article aims to analyze Uspenskij＇s theory of structural poetics, which is characterized by a focus on the text structure of points of view. Uspenskij integrated the features of the two schools of western modern semiotics. On the one hand, he emphasized the in- tegrity and systematicity of the artistic text structure. On the other hand, he gave prominence to the dynamics and openness of the symbol system. He studied semantics, syntax and pragmaties in artistic text from the angle of viewpoint by applying Morris＇s classification of symbols. But Uspenskij＇s theory of structural poetics centers on the synchronic aspects of the structure of points of view at the expense of its diachronie dimensions, thus ignoring the influence of time on readers and the role readers play in constructing the text structure of points of view.