GGE双标图在我国旱地春小麦稳产性分析中的应用

Application of GGE biplot in spring wheat yield stability analysis in rainfed areas of China

GGE双标图法是研究基因型与环境互作以及不同环境下作物品种产量稳定性的新型有力工具。对2005年由17个试点、9个新品种(系)组成的国家旱地春小麦区域试验的产量资料进行方差分析和GGE分析表明:在我国旱地春小麦产区的大环境尺度下,品种与环境互作效应对产量变异的影响约为品种效应的5.37倍,品种间的稳产性差异很大,丰产性、稳产性均较理想的品种只占供试品种的11%,但有些品种对某些环境具有特殊适应性。17个试点可划分为3个类型区,其中在黄土高原中部旱作区表现最好的品种是"8821-1-1"和"陇春9143",在青藏高原寒旱区和华北旱作区表现最好的品种分别是"青春193"和"乌麦7号"。从环境代表性和对品种鉴别能力两方面分析,较理想的试点为甘肃省榆中县和青海省互助县。在7个环境因子中,生育期的降雨量与产量关系最为密切。

GGE （genotype main effect and genotype-environment interaction） biplot analysis is a method based on principal component analysis （PCA） for the effective exploration of multi-environment trials （METs）.It allows visual understanding of genotype-environment interaction （G×E-interaction）,cultivar yield stability for each mega-environment,and test-location suitability.Grain yields of 9 spring wheat genotypes （cultivars or lines） tested at 17 national spring wheat regional test sites under rainfed conditions in 2005 were analyzed via GGE biplot and AVONA methods.The results show that G×E-interaction effect is 5.4 times of genotypic effects for grain yield.The stability of different genotypes varies greatly,and genotypes with high yield and yield stability account for only 11% of the total tested genotypes,though some genotypes are specifically adaptable to certain environments.The 17 test-sites are broadly classified into three environments.Accordingly,＂8821-1-1＂ and ＂longchun 9143＂ spring wheat are the best genotypes for arid regions of the Loess Plateau,＂qingchun193＂ and ＂wumai 7＂ are the best genotypes for arid and cold regions of the Tibetan Plateau,and arid regions of North China,respectively.Based on discrimination ability and environmental representativeness,two ideal test-sites,Yuzhong County of Gansu Province and Huzhu County of Qinghai Province are proposed for spring wheat variety regional test.Grain yield is more closely correlated with precipitation during growing season than the other six environment factors.