利用形态学和生物化学标记评估印度阿萨姆茶园茶树资源的遗传变异(英文)

Assessment of the genetic variability present in the tea germplasm of a tea garden in Assam,India using morphological and biochemical markers

茶是印度最重要的作物之一,商品茶园由于茶树异花受粉而杂合程度很高。本文以中国变种、阿萨姆变种和柬埔寨变种的典型茶树品种TV-7,TV-8andTV-9为参照,利用形态学和生物化学标记对印度阿萨姆茶园茶树资源的遗传变异进行评估。

Tea （Camellia spp.） is one of the most important plantation crops of India. There exists immense heterogeneity in the commercial tea plantations due to its out breeding nature. Since morphological characteristics are influenced by environmental factors exhibiting a continuous variation and a high degree of plasticity,difficulties arise in the identification of discrete taxonomic groups. Biochemical and molecular markers may be used to assess genetic variability for the efficient management and proper utilization of germplasm in the breeding programmes. In the present investigation,an effort was made to characterize the morphological and biochemical markers to assess the genetic variation of the tea germplasms numbered serially from 1 to 20 using TV-7,TV-8 and TV-9,which are standards of China,Assam and Cambod types of tea genotype. Cluster analysis using IPGRI morphological descriptors of the studied germplasm produced a dendogram with two distinct clusters. The first cluster includes 1,4,TV-7,TV-8,TV-9; the second 2,7,8,9,11,15,16,17,19 whereas plants numbered 3,10,14,20 not fall into well defined clusters. The variation of five isozymes viz. Aspertate Amino Trasferase （AAT）,Esterase （EST）,Glutamate Dehydrogenase （GH）,Malate Dehydrogenase （MDH）,Peroxidase （PER） was studied for the above germplasm. EST,GDH,PER were found to be monomeric enzymes coded by two loci except MDH which is coded by a single loci. AAT was found to be a dimeric protein that is coded by two loci. Variation was observed for all the isozymes studied. Cluster analysis utilizing isozyme genotypic patterns however produced a dendogram,which depicted a clear separation of the germplasm.