高等职业院校护生学校适应的现状及影响因素

Current Status and Influential Factors of School Adaptation of Vocational Nursing Students

目的探讨高等职业院校护生学校适应的现状及其影响因素。方法采用问卷调查法对2009年12月宁波天一职业技术学院护理学院2009级护理新生459人进行调查,问卷内容包括护生的一般资料、大学生自尊调查问卷、领悟社会支持量表以及大学新生学校适应量表等4个部分。结果高等职业院校护生学校适应处于中等水平,得分为（3.41±0.60）分,各维度得分从高到低依次是情绪适应（3.57±0.61）分、学习适应（3.32±0.81）分、人际适应（3.20±0.67）分;不同人口学特征的高等职业院校护生学校适应水平存在差异;学校适应水平总分及各维度得分与自尊、感知关怀与社会支持水平呈正相关,相关系数介于0.18~0.53之间,相关性具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论高等职业院校护生学校适应不良主要体现在人际适应和学习适应两方面,其适应水平与其自身成长环境（住校时间、父母文化程度、生源地等）、社会支持、学校（同学和老师）关怀、个体心理特征（自尊）相关,应从家庭、社会、学校的各层面、全方位地关注高等职业院校护生的成长环境,提高其学校适应水平,保证高等职业院校高质量护理人才的输出。

Objective To explore the current status and influential factors of school adaptation of vocational nursing students.Methods A total of 459 fresh students of grade 2009 from nursing school in Ningbo Tianyi Vocational College in December 2009 were surveyed with a questionnaire concerning demographic data,Perceived Social Support Scale（PSSS）,School Adaptation Scale and Self-esteem Scale of college students.Results The vocational nursing students were at the middle level of school adaptation and the overall score was 3.41±0.60.The dimensions in descending order of scores were mood adaptation（3.57±0.61）,study adaptation（3.32±0.81）,interpersonal adaptation（3.20±0.67）.Differences were observed on the school adaptation among vocational nursing students with different demographic features.Positive correlation was determined between overall score and score of each dimension of school adaptation and self-esteem,care perceived and social support with coefficients ranged from 0.18 to 0.53（P0.05）.Conclusion For vocational nursing students,the maladjustments mainly lie in interpersonal aspects of adaptation and adaptation learning.The level of school adaptation is closely associated with many factors such as their growing environment（including boarding time,parents＇ education degree,source place,etc）,social support,care from school（including both teachers and other students） and self-esteem.Therefore,all-round attention at all levels from family,community,schools should be attached to the growth environment of vocational nursing students so as to improve their school adjustment and ensure high quality output of vocational nursing personnel.