试析云梦竹简中所见秦的“农本”思想

Analysis of Agricultural Thought of the Qin Dynasty Based on the Yunmeng Bamboo Slips

1975年12月,湖北云梦睡虎地出土了大批秦简,内容大部分是秦代的法律及文字。其中有不少简文记述了自商鞅变法以来秦的农业生产情况,这一阶段的秦律详细记录了秦国农业生产黄金时期的具体规定,它为我们研究秦时的农业生产状况提供了一批珍贵的实物资料,尤其是发现了许多规范和保障粮食生产的律文。云梦竹简中的这些律文对秦的谷物种植、土地管理、耕牛与铁器的使用、劳动力的配给和水利设施保障等方面都有详细的规定,贯穿于农业生产的各个环节,这也是农本思想的集中体现。以此为基础,通过分析秦粮食生产过程中的相关法律条文,结合农本思想的内涵,发掘在粮食生产环节上秦律是如何起到了保障作用,体现出农本思想的重要性,并最终奠定了秦国强大的物质基础。

In December 1975,a large number of Qin bamboo slips were unearthed from Shuihudi,Yunmeng,Hubei Province.The bulk of the content is the legislation and Chinese characters of the Qin Dynasty.Many of them describe the situation of agricultural production since the Shang Yang reform of the Qin Dynasty,which provide us a number of valuable materials to study the situation of agricultural production in the Qin Dynasty.In particularly,a number of norms and laws to protect food production were discovered.On this basis,by analyzing grain production process in the relevant legal provisions in the Qin Dynasty,in conjunction with agricultural thought,we can explore how the Qin＇s law to protect agriculture in grain production that laid a strong material foundation of the Qin Dynasty ultimately.