“忘知之知”——试析庄子的“真知”

Wisdom of Transcending Knowledge——Analysis of Zhuangzi's "Pure Knowledge"

哲学上关于"真"或真实问题的讨论,一般都归属于知识论的范畴。尽管先秦时期的庄子对认知意义上的"知"是持怀疑和否定的态度,但我们却不能因此就认为,庄子哲学里完全没有关于"真知"的思想,只不过庄子所主张的"真知"并非西方认知意义上的"知",而是一种"忘知之知"的大智慧。在庄子看来,人们若只站在各自有限的角度,把自然万物当成和自我主体相对立的客体来进行区别,而不顾及对象事物本身周流不息的自然情状,那么所形成的观点就只能是有限的。故他认为只有从"道"的角度来对对象世界进行观照,即"以道观之",才能获得忘知之知的"真知"。

The discussion of ＂True＂ or truth in philosophy is generally attributed to the area of knowledge.Zhuangzi,the great thinker in Pre-Qin Dynasty in China,was skeptical to the cognitive sense of ＂knowing＂ with negative attitude.It does not follow that there is no thought of ＂true knowledge＂ at all in his philosophy.The ＂true knowledge＂ Zhuangzi advocated is not like a western cognitive sense of ＂knowing＂,but a great wisdom of abandoning knowledge.In his opinion, if people stand on their own limited point of view,then the view they formed can only be limited.Because they take the natural world as the opposed object regardless of their natural characters by the nature＇s endless stream of power.That is why he believes that human beings can only reflect on the object in the world by the principle of the ＂Dao＂ to gain wisdom of transcending knowledge.