标记型柱头外露种质系与陆地棉亲本间杂种优势与配合力分析

Analysis on the Heterosis and Combining Ability between Marked Breeding Lines with Open-bud in Upland Parents

采用ＮＣⅡ遗传交配设计，对５份标记型柱头外露种质系和３份陆地棉亲本交配后，杂种Ｆ１的１１个性状的杂种优势和配合力进行了分析。结果表明，主要产量性状霜前皮棉产量，超高优势的幅度为－２８．８８％～１３．１７％，平均为－３．０６％，６个组合具正向的杂种优势；中亲优势的幅度为１８．１４％～８０．１２％，平均为５３．０８％，１５个组合均具有正向的中亲优势；竞争优势的幅度为－１５．３２％～４６．４３％，平均为１１．２７％，１０个组合具有正向的竞争优势。其它产量性状中单株铃数的杂种优势最为明显。纤维品质性状，２．５％跨长和比强度的优势明显，麦克隆值的负向优势明显。高亲值、中亲值和低亲值与Ｆ１平均值的相关关系表明，多数产量性状Ｆ１代平均值与高亲值相关性密切，因此在组合筛选时应注意对常规亲本的选择。配合力上，ＧＣＡ效应显著的性状，中棉所１９和石３２１分别在产量、品质性状方面表现较优，９６－１、９６－６７、９６－３３等３份标记型柱头外露种质系表现较优；ＳＣＡ效应显著的８个性状中，Ａ１Ｂ２８个性状的ＳＣＡ效应值均为正，Ａ２Ｂ２和Ａ４Ｂ１均有７个性状的ＳＣＡ效应为正。文中对标记型柱头外露种质及亲本选配等问题进行了讨论。

Fifteen F1 and F2 were used between five marked breeding lines with open-bud parents and three upland parents to analyze high parent heterosis, mid-parent heterosis and useful heterosis, and combining ability effects for 11 characters. The result showed that the heterosis for yield and fiber properties were obvious for the prefrost lint cotton yield, the range of high parent heterosis were -28.88%13.17% with average value -3.06%, 6 crosses have positive heterosis, the range of mid-parent heterosis were 18.14%80.12%, with average value 53.08%. 15 crosses have positive heterosis,the range of useful heterosis were -15.32%46.43% with average value 11.27%, and 10 crosses have positive heterosis. Of the combining ability , CCRI 19 and Shi 321 of the females, 96-1, 96-67 and 96-33 of the males were good perants for most of characters, A1B2, A2B2, and A4B1 were good crosses for most of SCA.