不同来源铁皮石斛不同部位生物碱的分布规律研究

Research on the Distribution of the Alkaloids in the Different Parts of the Dendrobium candidum with Various Origins

[目的]分析铁皮石斛组培苗、野生植株和栽培植株中生物碱的含量及分布规律。[方法]通过绘制石斛碱标准曲线,对铁皮石斛不同部位、不同采收阶段以及不同干燥方法测定的生物碱含量进行了系统的分析比较。[结果]铁皮石斛的生物碱含量,茎上段>叶≈根>茎中段≈茎下段;石斛的生物碱含量,1年生≥2年生≥野生型;不同干燥方法处理的铁皮石斛中的总石斛碱含量几乎没有什么变化,但茎上段的石斛碱含量经过自然晒干处理后比杀青烘干处理的提高了23.18%～41.49%,根部的石斛碱含量也提高了8.82%～16.20%,而茎中下段和叶等其他部位的生物碱含量则下降。[结论]铁皮石斛的组培苗和栽培株均有一定的药用价值,且除茎之外,其叶和根也有一定的研究应用潜力。

[Objective] The content of alkaloid and its distribution in plantlet,wild plant and cultivated plant of Dendrobium candidum was analyzed. [Method] The tested data of the content of alkaloid in the plant at different parts,different harvesting times and different drying methods were systematically analyzed and compared with standard curve. [Results] The order of the content of the alkaloid was higher half section of Dendrobium candidum stem leaf ≈ root middle section of stem ≈ lower half section; 1-year old≥ 2-years old ≥ wild-type of Dendrobium candidum plant; and there was no difference in the content of total alkali among drying methods,however,the content of the alkali in higher half section stem of Dendrobium candidum was 23.18%-41.49% under the condition of natural drying treatment more than that under the condition of stoving treatment; in the root,more than 8.82%-16.20%; but the content of the alkali in the middle and lower half section stem and the leaf of Dendrobium candidum was lower under the condition of natural drying treatment than under the condition of stoving treatment. [Conclusion] Both the plantlet and cultivated plant of Dendrobium candidum were with some medicinal value and there was some potential of the research on the application and development.