近50年来海南岛东部台风记录及其灾害性评价

Records and Disaster Assessment of Typhoons in East Hainan Island in Recent 50 Years

基于1957～2006年影响海南岛的台风资料,对登陆海南岛东部台风的基本变化特征进行了分析。选取有较完整记录的48例台风概况及其灾情资料,引入台风灾情指数G和灾害损失率S的概念,对台风灾害等级进行客观定量划分,对台风造成的灾害进行损失评估。结果表明,近50年来,登陆海南岛东部的台风频数年际和月际变化明显,台风的登陆地点分布不均匀,成灾台风的灾情参数呈现出一定的起伏变化,但综合灾情指数显示出上升趋势。海南台风灾害严重,造成重灾等级的台风占绝大多数。

Based on typhoon data in Hainan Island during 1957-2006,the basic changing characteristics of typhoons landing on the east of Hainan Island were analyzed. Based on 48 typhoons cases and their disaster condition,the objective quantitative grades of typhoon disaster were separated with disaster index of typhoon （G） and disaster losing ratio （S）,and the disaster assessment were statistically analyzed. The results showed that in the past 50 years,the frequency of typhoons landing on Hainan Island present significant inter-annual and monthly changes. The landing locations of typhoons were distributed unevenly. It showed fluctuant changes in disaster indexes of disastrous typhoons,and the disaster indexes had increased in the recent 50 years. It＇s severe in typhoon disasters of Hainan Island which caused the vast majority of the severe rank.