2Philip Robins, Turkey. and the Middle East, Pinter Publishers Limited, 1991, p. 3.
3Kemal. H. Karpat, "The Ottoman Rule in Europe From the Perspective of 1994", Edited by Vojtech Mastny and R. Craig Nation, Turkey Between East and West: New Challenges for a Rising Regional Power, Westview Press, 1996, p. 3.
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5[英]伯纳德·刘易斯著,范中廉译.《现代土耳其的兴起》,商务印书馆,1982年,第307页.
6Philip Robins, Turkey and the Middle East, pp. 66,48.
7David Barchard, Turkey and the West, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985, p. 46.
8John Feffer, "Turkey: Stealth superpower" ,Asia Times Online, June 15, 2010.
9Kemal. H. Karpat, "The Ottoman Rule in Europe From the Perspective of 1994", Edited by Vojteeh Mastny and R. Craig Nation, Turkey Between East and West: New Challenges for a Rising Regional Power, p. 38.
10Reza Akhlaghi,"Turkey balances on shaky ground" ,Asia Times Online, July 2, 2009.
