迪尔凯姆的哲学社会学方法论——对物的概念的解析和评价

Philosophical-Sociological Methodology of Durkheim——Analysis and Evaluation of the Concept of Things

迪尔凯姆的哲学社会学理论运用和发展了孔德的实证主义原则,第一次把社会学的研究对象定义为物,并从物这个维度建立起一种独特的社会学方法理论。该理论扬弃了个体心理学及哲学观念论的立场,把视角转向了人们外部行为的那种现象形态,通过对外部现象形态的分析,从而找到哲学社会学理论研究的一般规律。

Durkheim’s philosophical-sociological theory makes use of and develops the principles of Comte’s positivism,and for the first time defines the object of study in sociology as things,which also gives rise to a unique set of theory of sociological methodology.This theory abandons the position of individual psychology and the theory of philosophical concept,turning the viewpoint to the phenomenological pattern of people’s external behavior and by analyzing these patterns,the general laws governing the study of philosophical and sociological theory can be found.