适体在抗生素残留检测中的应用

Advances in the Applications of Aptamers in Antibiotic Residue Detection

目前虽然已有氯霉素、新霉素等抗生素抗体应用于食品检测中,但作为半抗原,抗生素抗体制备困难。抗生素种类繁多,抗体使用成本高,大样本筛查困难,灵敏度低等缺陷限制了抗体在检测中的应用。而DNA或RNA适体被称作化学抗体,可以高特异、高亲和力地同靶分子结合。与传统免疫抗体相比,在筛选制备、稳定性及应用等方面都显示出独特的优势。本文对适体的发现、特点及筛选方法进行综述,介绍适体在抗生素及其他小分子检测中的主要应用技术,并对适体的检测应用进行展望。

Although it is difficult to immunize animals with antibiotics as half-antigens for antibody generation,immunoassay techniques have become the most popular methods for detecting antibiotics in foods and environment,such as commercially available chloramphenicol and neomycin test kits.Nevertheless,actual applications of immunoassay techniques are limited due to the wide variety of antibiotics,high cost of preparing antibodies against some antibiotics,difficulties in large-scale screening of samples and low sensitivity of these techniques.Aptamers,also named chemical antibody,are single stranded DNA or RNA ligands,which can be bound to different targets from a huge library of molecules containing randomly created sequences with high specificity and affinity.Aptamers have some advantages over conventional immune antibodies,such as easy in vitro selection by their target molecules,the possibility of chemical synthesis and modification and high stability.This paper describes the finding history of aptamers,methods for selecting them,their characteristics and techniques established based on them for the detection of antibiotics and other small molecules.Furthermore,application perspectives of the aptamers based detection techniques are proposed.