从城市偏向到城乡协调发展的政治经济逻辑

The Political Economy Logic of Transition from Urban Bias to Rural-UrbanCoordinative Development in China

城市偏向是新中国成立以来中国政府的主导性政策选择。本文基于新中国60年经济发展史,把政府行为置于研究的中心,理解城市偏向经济政策演变的内生机制。研究表明,计划经济体制下的城市偏向是政府赶超的必然结果,而转型经济下的城市偏向则是政府主导的经济发展模式下,政治集权和经济分权的必然产物。持续的城市偏向导致累进的社会成本,从而为政府的政策调整提供契机。一个简单的两部门模型用于刻画政府主导下城市偏向的内生演变机制。

Urban bias is the dominant policy in China since 1949.This paper,based on the economic development history since then,tries to understand the internal mechanism of the persistence of urban-bias policies.The results show that urban bias in the central-planned economy is internalized from the catch-up government,while the urban bias in the transitional economy is internalized from the political centralization and the economic decentralization in the governmental-led development pattern.The increasing social costs resulted from persistent urban bias provide chance for the adjustment of such bias.A simple two-sector model is used to feature the internal mechanism of urban bias in the governmental-dominated development pattern.