某贫困县中小学生零食健康教育干预效果分析

Effectiveness of Snack-based Intervention in Primary and Secondary Schools in a Poverty County

目的探讨贫困地区中小学行之有效的零食营养教育模式,以增强营养教育的效果。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,选择贫困地区4所农村小学学龄儿童和1所中学的初中生为目标人群。基线调查四～六年级823名小学生和661名初中生的零食营养KAP,采用综合性的营养健康教育方法进行干预。结果干预前仅有4.2%的学生听说过《中国儿童青少年零食消费指南》,干预后有60.6%的调查对象听说过或看见过该指南(χ2=1 078.24,P<0.01)。干预后,调查对象对牛奶营养价值的回答正确率提高22.1%(χ2=193.38,P<0.01)。对维生素C与坏血病关系的回答正确率提高43.0%(χ2=554.04,P<0.05)。干预前后学生对奶类及奶制品的营养价值掌握均较好,干预后提高2.1%(χ2=2.78,P>0.05)。干预后,大部分学生对零食相关知识有正确认识。调查对象干预后选择零食主要考虑是营养因素的正确认知率提高23.2%(χ2=208.01,P<0.01)。86.39%的学生认为了解零食消费指南的相关知识对自己有很大帮助;94.15%愿意接受零食与营养方面的相关知识;89.4%的人愿意把学校学到的知识告诉家长及他人;而对在了解零食消费指南之后,有91.91%的人将严格按照或基本按照该指南来做。结论综合性的营养教育方法对贫困农村儿童少年进行零食的营养知识教育具有实际意义,该方法值得在贫困地区农村推广。

Objective To explore an effective model of health education about snacks in primary and secondary schools in poor areas,and to enhance the effectiveness of nutrition education. Methods The students who were served as target population were selected from four primary schools and a middle school in poor areas using random cluster sampling method.Baseline investigation of snack nutrition knowledge,attitude and practice（KAP） was conducted among 823 primary school students in 4～6 grades and 661 junior middle school students.Comprehensive nutrition health education was conducted among these students. Results There were only 4.2% students who knew the ＂Chinese Children and Adolescents Snacks Consumer Guide＂ before the intervention,and 60.6% of respondents knew it after the intervention（χ2=1,078.24,P0.01）.The rate of the correct answer to the nutritional value of milk increased by 22.1%（χ2=193.38,P0.01） after the intervention.The rate of the correct answer to the relationship between vitamin C and scurvy increased by 43.0%（χ2=554.04,P0.05）. The rate of the correct answer to the nutritional value of milk and milk products increased by 2.1%（χ2=2.78,P0.05）.The majority of the students had correct understanding about the knowledge of snacks after the intervention.The rate of the recognition that nutrition was seen as the main consideration factor increased by 23.2% when they selected the snacks after the intervention（χ2=208.01,P0.01）.86.39% of the students thought the Snacks Consumer Guide was useful,94.15% were willing to accept the knowledge of snacks and nutrition,89.4% were willing to tell their parents and others the knowledge learned at school,and 91.91% would carry out the guidelines after the intervention. Conclusions Comprehensive snack nutrition education significantly improves nutrition knowledge of children and adolescents in poor rural areas.The method is worth popularizing in these areas.