广西乡镇水厂供水卫生现状及其影响因素分析

Current Status of Water Supply Sanitation and Analysis on Influencing Factors of Township Water Plants in Guangxi in 2009

目的了解和掌握广西乡镇水厂供水卫生现状及其影响因素。方法于2009年在广西85个涉及农村的县(市、区)采用按比例分层抽样的方法,随机抽取有代表性的乡镇水厂进行调查,同时对其供水水质进行监测。水质监测指标包括感官指标、一般化学指标、毒理学指标和细菌学指标。采集水样时间分别在枯水期的3月和丰水期的7或8月。采样和检验方法均按《生活饮用水标准检验方法》GB/T5750-2006进行。结果 2009年广西乡镇水厂供水方式为完全处理的占30.30%,为仅消毒处理的占9.90%,为单纯沉淀过滤处理的占24.24%,为未处理的占35.56%,供水人口比例则分别为47.70%、9.86%、16.36%和26.71%。配备了消毒设备的水厂占45.25%,无消毒设备的水厂占54.75%。枯水期出厂水和末梢水水质合格率分别为37.47%和34.55%,丰水期则分别仅为25.26%和21.26%。在各项检测指标中,微生物指标合格率最低,成为影响水质合格率的主要指标。结论净化消毒设施匮乏及相关工艺和管理措施落后是造成广西乡镇供水水质合格率低的主要原因,亟待采取有效措施以保证其供水卫生安全。

Objective To understand the status quo of water supply sanitation and the influencing factors of township water plants in Guangxi Province. Methods With proportional stratified sampling method,an investigation was conducted randomly in township water plants of 85 rural counties（cities and districts） in Guangxi in 2009,meanwhile,the water quality was monitored.Water quality monitoring indicators included sensory indicators,general chemistry,toxicological and bacteriological indicators.Water samples were collected in March,the dry season and in July or August,the wet period.According to drinking water standard testing methods（GB/T5750-2006）,the sampling and testing methods were selected to use in this study. Results As for the water treatment ways of the township water plants in Guangxi in 2009,the complete treatment accounted for 30.30%,there were only 9.90% of disinfection,24.24% of filtration treatment,and 35.56% of the untreated;the proportions of the water-supplied population were 47.70%,9.86%,16.36%,and 26.71%,respectively.45.25% of the water plants were equipped with disinfection equipments, while 54.75% of the water plants were not equipped with the equipments.The passing rates of finished water and peripheral water were 37.47% and 34.55%,respectively in the dry season,but only 25.26% and 21.26% in the wet period.The lowest qualified rate of microorganisms affecting the water quality compliance rate was the key indicator in the detection of indicators. Conclusions The lack of the purification and disinfection facilities and management and technology laggards of township water supply are the main reasons of low-qualified water supply in Guangxi,and the effective measures should be taken urgently to ensure the safety of the water supply and sanitation.