不同种植方式对花生土壤微生物生物量及活性的影响

Soil microbial biomass and respiration rate under effects of different planting patterns of peanut.

在大田条件下,采用随机区组设计研究了春播覆膜(CBFM)、春播露地(CBLD)、麦田套种(MT)、麦田套种露地对照(MTLD)、夏播覆膜(XBFM)和夏播露地(XBLD)6种花生种植方式对土壤微生物生物量碳、活跃微生物生物量和土壤呼吸的影响.结果表明:花生生育期和种植方式均显著影响土壤微生物生物量及活性.从始花期开始,随着生育进程的推进,土壤微生物生物量碳、活跃微生物生物量和呼吸速率逐渐升高,到结荚期达到最大值,随后下降.露地栽培花生提高了土壤微生物生物量碳和土壤呼吸速率,但是降低了活跃微生物生物量,对土壤养分的转化和吸收不利;覆膜花生提高了活跃微生物生物量,促进土壤养分的分解和有效化;麦田套种花生比同期播种的露地对照花生提高了土壤微生物生物量碳、活跃微生物生物量和土壤呼吸速率,固结养分较多,不利于花生生长.

A field experiment with randomized design was conducted to study the effects of six planting patterns of peanut,i.e.,spring sowing and plastic film mulching,spring sowing and open cultivation,summer sowing and plastic film mulching,summer sowing and open cultivation,intercropped in wheat field,and control of intercropped in wheat field,on soil microbial biomass C,soil active microbial biomass,and soil respiration rate.The results showed that the growth stage and planting pattern of peanut had significant effects on soil microbial biomass and respiration rate.With the prolonged time after anthesis,soil microbial biomass C,active microbial biomass,and respiration rate increased gradually, peaked at pod-setting stage,and decreased then.Open cultivation enhanced soil microbial biomass C and respiration rate but reduced soil active microbial biomass,being unfavorable to soil nutrient transformation and nutrient availability,while plastic film mulching increased soil active microbial biomass,and consequently,promoted soil nutrient transformation and nutrient availability.Comparing with intercropped in wheat field and open cultivation,intercropped in wheat field and plastic film mulching increased soil microbial biomass C,active microbial biomass,and respiration rate,which immobilized more soil nutrients and was not conducive to peanut growth.