高浓度臭氧对大豆生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of high concentration ozone on soybean growth and grain yield.

采用开顶式同化箱(open-top chambers,OTCs)装置,设置活性碳过滤大气(CF,[O3]<10μg.kg-1)和高臭氧(O3)浓度(HO,约为80μg.kg-1)两个处理,研究开花后高浓度O3对大豆农艺性状、叶面积、叶绿素、抗氧化系统与产量的影响.结果表明:与对照(CF)同期相比,HO处理植株的叶面积和叶绿素含量显著降低(P<0.05);过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性极显著增强(P<0.01),但随着处理时间的延长,其活性逐渐降低;HO处理下植株叶片中可溶性蛋白质和抗坏血酸(AsA)含量降低,丙二醛含量显著升高,表明膜脂过氧化进程加快;大豆的单株干物质量、有效结荚数、籽粒数、百粒重和产量都有所降低,其中产量降低了47%,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01).

By using open top chambers（OTCs）,soybean plants were grown in pots,and exposed to charcoal-filtered air（10 μg·kg-1） and elevated O3（80 μg·kg-1） after anthesis,aimed to investigate the responses of soybean＇s agronomic characters,leaf area,chlorophyll content,antioxidant system,and grain yield to elevated O3.Under elevated O3,the leaf area and chlorophyll content decreased significantly（P0.05）,and the leaf catalase（CAT）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,and peroxidase（POD） activities had a significant increase（P0.01） first but a gradual decrease then,compared with those under charcoal-filtered air.Elevated O3 decreased the leaf soluble protein and ascorbate content（AsA） contents while increased the leaf malonaldehyde（MDA） content（P0.05）,suggesting that the leaf membrane lipid peroxidation was accelerated.The dry mass per plant,effective pod number,grain number,100-grains weight,and grain yield under elevated O3 had somewhat decreased,among which,grain yield decreased significantly,with the decrement reached to 47%（P0.01）.