氨基酸等化学刺激物对异育银鲫摄食行为的影响

EFFECTS OF SEVERAL STIMULI ON FEEDING BEHAVIORS OF GIBEL CARP, CARASSIUS AURATUS GIBELIO

实验采用撞球法中的双球法研究异育银鲫对氨基酸等刺激物的摄食行为的反应,运用实验鱼对实验球和空白球啄咬次数不同判断刺激物是否具有促摄食作用,运用刺激物与10-5mol/L丙氨酸啄咬次数的比值来比较不同刺激物间的反应。实验鱼体重为(46.5±9.3)g,刺激物为10-6—10-2mol/L的天冬氨酸、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、丙氨酸、组氨酸、甜菜碱和乳酸,以及10-6—10-2g/L的鱿鱼提取物复合物。实验记录从第2分钟到第10分钟的数据。结果发现,异育银鲫对多数刺激物的刺激没有反应。天冬氨酸在10-6—10-4mol/L浓度范围内具有明显的促摄食作用,但10-3—10-2mol/L浓度范围内则具有微弱的摄食抑制作用。10-5mol/L和10-4mol/L的天冬氨酸溶液、10-4mol/L的精氨酸溶液对异育银鲫的促摄食作用最强,分别为10-5mol/L丙氨酸刺激作用的4.86、5.15和4.6倍。精氨酸、甜菜碱和乳酸的反应具有明显的浓度-反应效应,平均相对啄咬率分别在10-4mol/L、10-5mol/L、10-5mol/L浓度下达到最高,其他刺激物引起的反应在各浓度下差异不显著。蛋氨酸和乳酸在10-6—10-2mol/L各浓度下显著性地抑制异育银鲫的摄食行为。10-4mol/L精氨酸、10-5mol/L丙氨酸以及10-6、10-3和10-2mol/L赖氨酸对异育银鲫的撞球反应具明显的刺激作用。除甜菜碱和天冬氨酸外,多数刺激物引起摄食行为反应在2—9min期间非常稳定。甜菜碱和天冬氨酸刺激异育银鲫所产生的摄食行为反应有随记录时间的延长逐渐适应的趋势,特别是在10-6—10-4mol/L。

The two-ball method was adopted in a feeding trial, one test ball and the other control ball, to investigate the effects of several stimuli on feeding behaviors of gibel carp. Relative biting rates （compared with the control ball） were used to evaluate stimulative or suppressive effect of stimuli on feeding behavior of gibel carp, relative bites （compared with the bites of test ball of 10–5 mol/L alanine） to determine differences of effects of various chemical stimuli. Initial body weight of fish was （46.5±9.3） g. L-aspartic acid, L-methionine, L-lysine, L-arginine, L-alanine, L-histine, betaine and lactic acid at the concentrations of 10–6—10–2 mol/L were tested for feeding stimuli in gibel carp, as well as 10–6— 10–2 g/L squid extracts. All responses of feeding behaviors were recorded from the second to the tenth minute after the experiment starting. The results showed that most of stimuli used in this study had no significant effects on feeding be-havioral responses of gibel carp. Aspartic acid at the concentrations from 10–6 mol/L to 10–4 mol/L had significant feed-ing stimulation in gibel carp, but weak repellent effects to feeding at concentrations of 10–3—10–2mol/L. 10–4 mol/L aspartic acid was the potential feeding stimulant of gibel carp, which average relative bites had 5.15 times of the 10–5 mol/L alanine. Another potential feeding stimulant was 10–4 mol/L arginine, which the average relative bites were 4.6 times of 10–5 mol/L alanine. There were significant dose-response relationships between the effects and the concentra-tions of arginine, betaine and lactic acid in gibel carp, and the highest relative bites of feeding behaviors in each stimu-lus were observed at the concentration of 10–4 mol/L, 10–5 mol/L and 10–5 mol/L, respectively. No significant difference was found in feeding responses of the other stimuli at the various concentrations. Based on the results of relative biting rates, most stimuli had no significant effects in stimulating feeding responses of gibel carp. Methionine and lactic acid were feeding repellents of gibel carp at the concentrations of 10–6—10–2 mol/L. 10–4 mol/L arginine, 10–5 mol/L alanine, 10–6 mol/L lysine, 10–3 mol/L lysine and 10–2 mol/L lysine had significantly stimulative effects on feeding behaviors of gibel carp. Except betaine and aspartic acid, most responses of stimuli were steadily in 2—9 minutes. Gibel carp adapted rapidly to the stimulating of betaine and aspartic acid at different concentrations, especially at 10–6—10–4mol/L.