遗传性凝血因子X缺陷症三例及其分子发病机制研究

Study on the molecular mechanism of the inherited factor X deficiency in three unrelated families

目的 对3个遗传性FX缺陷症家系进行临床表型和基因型研究,并探讨其分子发病机制.方法 对3例先证者进行止凝血筛查,检测APTT和PT 利用凝固法和ELISA检测FX∶C和FX∶Ag.采用交叉纠正试验排除血浆中FX抑制物的存在,采用凝血酶生成试验检测3例先证者及健康对照者血浆中凝血酶的生成.采用蛋白印迹半定量方法检测血浆中FX抗原浓度和相对分子质量大小.对FX基因采用直接测序进行基因诊断.构建突变型表达质粒,瞬时转染293T细胞,分别测定转染细胞裂解液及培养上清液中FX∶Ag,测定上清液中FX∶C,实验重复3次.结果 先证者1的APTT和PT均明显延长,分别为113.4 s和62.3 s,交叉纠正试验被纠正,血浆中几乎没有凝血酶的生成.先证者2的APTT和PT分别为56.5 s和28.7 s,交叉纠正试验也被纠正,血浆中凝血酶生成为1 101.5 nmol·min.先证者3的APTT和PT分别为117.3 s和44.3 s,交叉纠正试验被纠正,凝血酶生成为782.5 nmol·min.先证者1的FX∶C和FX∶Ag分别为1.4%和3.6%,基因诊断结果显示,FX基因存在纯合突变Ser425→Pro,该突变体外表达显示能够在细胞中正常合成,但分泌障碍 先证者2的FX∶C和FX∶Ag分别为2.2%和5.5%,FX基因存在双杂合突变Ala-29→Pro和Phe324→Leu,Ala-29→Pro突变导致FX表达量在细胞裂解液和培养上清液中均明显减少,分别为野生型质粒的（41.32±5.21）%和（6.30±1.84）%,而Phe324→Leu突变在细胞中几乎不影响FX的合成 先证者3的FX∶C和FX∶Ag分别为2.2%和35%,FX基因存在双杂合突变Ala235→Thr和Arg347→Cys,这2种突变使FX在细胞裂解液中与野生型蛋白表达量相似,而细胞上清液中较野生型蛋白明显减低,分别为野生型的（23.03±1.92）%和（42.51±2.07）%.结论 本研究发现了5种新的FX基因突变 其中Ser425Pro、Phe324Leu、Ala235 Thr和Arg347Cys突变不影响FX突变蛋白的合成,而Ala-29Pro突变则导致FX突变蛋白合成减少,伴分泌障碍.

Objective To identify the clinical features, the molecular diagnosis and the molecular mechanism of three unrelated factor X deficiency families. Methods Three probands were male and the diagnosis was validated by coagulant parameters. The F X coagulation activity （ F X∶ C ） and antigen （FX∶ Ag） were tested by clotting test and ELISA method. The cross-corrected test was used to rule out the inhibitor of FX in plasma. Thrombin generation test was evaluated. The antigen and the molecule weight of the FX in plasma were measured with western blotting. Gene mutations were analyzed in the probands and their family members with PCR and DNA sequencing. FX expression plasmids were constructed and transientby being transfected into 293T cells. FX： C and FX： Ag of the expression products were tested. Results APTT and PT in proband 1 were obviously prolonged, 113.4 s and 62.3 s, respectively. And there was no inhibitor in plasma. The thrombin generation was lower compared to normal reference. APTT and PT in proband 2 were 56. 5 s and 28.7 s. There was no inhibitor in the plasma. The thrombin generation was 1 101.5 nmol · min. APTT and PT in proband 3 were 117.3 s and 44. 3 s. The thrombin generation was 782.5 nmol · min. FX∶ C and FX∶ Ag in proband 1 were 1.4% and 3.6%, with a homozygous mutation in FX gene （Ser425→Pro）. In vitro expression of the mutation showed a normal synthesis in the cell but secretion dysfuntion. In proband 2 F X： C and F X： Ag were 2. 2% and 5. 5%, with two heterozygous mutations in FX gene （Ala-29→Pro and Phe324→Leu）. The Ala-29 → Pro mutation led to significantly reduced expressions of FX in both cell lysate and cell culture supernatants compared to wild-type plasmid,（41.32 ±5.21 ）% and（6. 30 ± 1.84）% respectively. However Phe324→Leu mutation almost did not affect the FX synthesis. FX： C and FX： Ag in proband 3 were 2. 2% and 35%, with two heterozygous mutations in FX gene（ Ala235→Thr and Arg347→Cys）. The expressions of these two mutant FX proteins in cell lysate were similar to those of wild-type but obviously lower in the supernatant. Conclusions Five mutations of F X gene are found in this study. These mutations （Ser425Pro, Phe324Leu, Ala235Thr and Arg347Cys）can not affect F X protein synthesis. However Ala-29Pro mutation can reduce F X protein synthesis and cause secretion dysfunction.