2005-2007年山东省地方性氟中毒病区水氟测定结果分析

Fluoride analysis of drinking water in endemic fluorosis areas in Shandong province from 2005 to 2007

目的 分析山东省地方性氟中毒病区水氟分布和改水降氟工程的现状,为制订防治策略提供科学依据.方法 按照国家〈2004、2005和2006年地方病防治项目技术方案〉要求,分别于2005、2006、2007在山东省17个市的113个地方性氟中毒病区县（市、区）对改水降氟工程的使用现状进行调查;对未改水病区村进行水氟筛查;对改水降氟工程进行水氟检测;水氟测定采用氟离子选择性电极法.结果 山东省共有改水降氟工程5816处,工程以打井为主,水源主要为地下水;正常运行的工程占72.80%（4234/5816）,间歇运行的工程占3.11%（181/5816）,报废工程占24.09%（1401/5816）.共筛查了16个市、100个县、6940个病区村（包括未改水和改水降氟工程报废的病区村）的饮水水样,其中水氟≤1.00 mg/L的病区村为2987个,占43.04%（2987/6940）;水氟＞1.00mg/L的病区村为3953个,占56.96%（3593/6940）,最大值为13.31 mg/L.调查了17个市、95个县、4415处改水降氟工程,其中水氟≤1.00 mg/L的工程为2983处,占65.53%（2983/4415）;水氟＞1.00mg/L的工程为1522处,占34.47%（1522/4415）,最大值为9.71 mg/L.结论 山东省仍有1/2以上的病区村和1/3以上的改水降氟工程水氟超标,并且近1/4的改水降氟工程已经报废,氟中毒防治形势仍然十分严峻,应尽快落实防治措施和加强改水降氟工程的监测工作.

Objective To investigate the distribution of water-borne fluoride and the current status of water defluoridation project by improving drinking water quality in endemic fluorosis areas in Shandong province,and to provide scientific basis for making strategies in prevention and control of the disease. Methods According to ＂the National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control in 2004, 2005 and 2006＂, 113 endemic fluorosis diseased counties（cities, and districts） of the province＇s 17 cities were screened in order to investigate the fluoride level in drinking water in fluorosis villages, recheck the fluoride level after implementing the water defluoridation project, and investigate the current status of the water defluoridation project. The fluoride level in drinking water was determined by F-ion selective electrode. Results There were a total of 5816 water defluoridation projects in the province. Most of them were carried out by drilling a deep well to get under-ground water. The wells still in good condition were accounted for 72.80% （4234/5816）. Intermittent operated wells were accounted for 3.11% （181/5816）. Abandoned wells were accounted for 24.09%（1401/5816）. Level of water fluoride was determined in 6940samples from fluorosis villages（villages that not carry out the water defluoridation project as well as villages carried out the water defluoridation project with abandoned wells were included） and the value that lower or equal to 1.00mg/L was determined in 2987 villages which accounted for 43.04% （2987/6940）. Level of water fluoride that over 1.00 mg/L was found in 3953 villages which accounted for 56.96% （3593/6940）, and the highest level of water fluoride was 11.33 mg/L. Level of water fluoride were determined in 4415 samples from water defluoridation project and the value lower or equal to 1.00 mg/L was in 2983 wells which accounted for 65.53%（2983/4415）. The value over 1.00 mg/L was in 1522 wells which accounted for 34.47%（1522/4415）, the highest value of water fluoride was 9.71 mg/L. Conclusions Level of water fluoride in up to 1/2 of the villages and 1/3 of the projects, is still higher than the standard in Shandong province. Nearly 1/4 of the project has been abandoned. The current situation for endemic fluorosis control is still not good in the province, countermeasures for endemic fluorosis must be carried out as soon as possible and surveillance of water defluoridation project must be strengthened.