全球定位系统和地理信息系统在辽宁省降氟改水工程管理中的应用

Application of global positioning systems and geographic information systems in drinking water defluoridation project in Liaoning province

目的 建立辽宁省饮水型地方性氟中毒病区降氟改水工程信息管理系统,调查降氟改水工程使用现状,为制订防治措施提供科学依据.方法 2006年8月至2008年7月,利用全球定位系统（GPS）对已改水的48个县（市、区）饮水型氟病区的1234处降氟改水工程进行了定位调查,采集工程的经纬度、海拔高度,采集水样,检测水氟.利用地理信息系统（GIS）建立降氟改水工程信息管理系统,对地氟病区的降氟改水工程实施科学、数字化、系统直观的管理.结果 建立了辽宁省降氟改水工程信息管理系统.全省13个市、48个已改水的饮水型地方性氟中毒病区县（市、区）的降氟改水工程分布在东经39.39°～43.37°,北纬119.25°～125.50°,海拔高度在为-6.60～801.14 m.病区的1234个降氟改水工程中,能正常供水运行的工程927处,占调查工程的75.1%;修建尚未交工使用的工程29处,占2.4%;停运、报废工程278处,涉及344个病区村（屯）的供水,占调查工程的22.5%.有63处运行工程的水氟大于1.2 mg/L,占运行工程的6.8%;正常运行且水氟符合生活饮用水卫生标准的工程864处,占调查工程的70.0%.结论 建立辽宁省降氟改水工程信息管理系统,对全省饮水型氟病区的改水工程实施科学管理,能为辽宁省地方性氟中毒的防治决策提供了准确、科学的依据.

Objective To establish information management systems of drinking water defluoridation project in water-related endemic fluorosis areas and investigate the status of drinking water defluoridation project in Liaoning, provide the basis for the development of control measures. Methods Global positioning systems （GPS）and geographic information systems（GIS） were used in the study in August 2006 - July 2008. Water defluoridation projects of 1234 in 48 counties（cities, districts） in drinking water type of fluorosis areas were positioned. Latitude and longitude, water samples, water fluoride content were collected or tested. GIS was used to establish information management system of water defluoridation projects. Results We have established information management system for the facilities of decreasing water fluorine in drinking water type of endemic fluorosis regions in Liaoning. One thousand two hundred and thirty four defluoridation facilities distributed in east longitude between 39.39° - 43.37°,north latitude between 119.25° - 125.50°, and altitude between - 6.60 and 801.14 meter in 48 endemic fluorosis counties in 13 cities. Nine hundred and twenty seven facilities for decreasing fluorine were able to supply water regularly, accounting for 75.1% of investigated projects;29 facilities was .not yet completely rebuilt, accounting for 2.4%;278 facilities（supply water for 344 villages） were out of order or discarded for 22.5% of investigated projects.Water fluorine contents of 63 facilities were greater than 1.2 mg/L, accounting for 6.8% of investigation project.Facilities working regularly and water fluorine was in accord with hygienic standard for drinking water facilities were 70.0%. Conclusions The establishment of Liaoning province defluoridation project information management system in the whole province of drinking water type of fluorosis areas provides scientific basis for accurate decision-making on prevention and control of the disease.