陕西省蒲城县饮水型地方性氟中毒病区改水前后儿童智商及氟斑牙患病情况调查

Investigation of children＇s intelligence quotient and dental fluorosis in drinking water-type of endemic fluorosis area in Pucheng county Shaanxi province before and after drinking water change

目的 了解防氟改水前后陕西省蒲城县饮水型地方性氟中毒（简称地氟病）病区儿童智力发育和氟斑牙患病情况.方法 2009年,在陕西省蒲城县饮水型地氟病病区中,从改水与未改水病区各抽取8～12岁儿童200名,采用瑞文测验进行儿童智商测定,Dean法进行儿童氟斑牙检查.结果 改水和未改水病区儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为28.50%（57/200）、87.88%（203/231）,两者比较差异有统计学意义（x2=159.19,P＜0.01）;氟斑牙指数分别为0.57、1.97,呈边缘、中等流行.改水病区智商≥90的儿童占89.5%（179/200）,而未改水病区占91.5%（183/200）,两者比较差异无统计学意义（x2=0.46,P＞0.05）.结论 防氟改水明显降低病区儿童氟斑牙的发生,但对儿童智力发育作用不明显.

Objective To further understand the effect of anti-fluoride water on intellectual development of children and dental fluorosis in drinking water-type of endemic fluorosis area Pucheng county Shaanxi province.Methods Two hundred 8 to 12 years old children were randomly selected in endemic fluorosis area with changed water or unchanged water, in 2009 in Pucheng county Shaanxi province. Intelligence quotient（IQ） of children was measured by Raven＇s test. Children＇s dental fluorosis was examined by Dean＇s classification scheme. Results The rates of child dental fluorosis in changed water and unchanged water endemic fluorosis areas were 28.50%（57/200）, 87.88%（203/231） , respectively, the difference was statistically significant（x2 = 159.19, P〈 0.01）,while dental fluorosis indices were 0.57,1.97, was marginal, moderate epidemic. Children with IQ above 90 was accounted for 89.5% （179/200）, 91.5% （183/200） in changed water and unchanged water endemic fluorosis area,respectively, the difference was not significant （x2 = 0.46, P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions Changed water may decrease the incidence of child dental fluorosis, but has no obvious effect on children＇s IQ development in endemic fluorosis area.