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从汉语书面叙事体的语篇结构看人物指称的分布和功能 被引量:16

On the distribution and function of the person-reference in Chinese written narratives
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摘要 本文考察了20篇书面叙事体材料中不同类型的人物指称成分在语篇中的分布情况,并引进"交际事件"的"时空组织"理论从叙事体语篇的结构揭示指称成分的语篇功能。本文认为,以时空组织为标记的所述事件作为叙事语篇的基本单位具有心理现实性。以完整的叙事语篇中的所述事件为依据总结了叙事语篇的结构模型,认为叙事语篇是一个由若干所述事件组成的所述事件群。文章从语篇结构角度分析了书面叙事语篇中人物指称的语篇功能表现,发现代词指称一般用于所述事件群的"非群首"位置,更准确的说是语篇句链之中;从功能的角度看,话题位置的代词指称用来把语篇句组成同一时空域下的话题链,多用来追踪回指故事人物。不定指的带有表示人物描写和人物活动修饰成分的名词指称常出现在语篇所述事件群之首;从功能的角度看,它主要用于引入新的指称对象或者再次引入之前提及过的指称对象,有时标示一个新的自然段落的开始。而其他的名词指称形式一般不出现在篇首,它们的语篇功能相似,都具有命名和追踪人物角色的功能。 The paper examines the distribution and function of person-reference in Chinese written narratives.A total of 20 sample texts has been analyzed.The analytic framework involves spatiotemporal organization about the communicative event.It is assumed that spatiotemporal organization is psychologically real.The overall narrative structure is also examined.It is proposed that narratives can be described as event groups which are in turn composed of a series of described events.By analyzing the discourse functional performance of person-reference in written narratives,it is found that pronoun-reference is generally placed in the non-initial position of a described event group,more accurately,in the middle of discourse-sentence chain.From a functional perspective,the pronoun-reference in topic position is always used to organize discourse sentences as a topic chain under the same scope of time and space,in order to refer back to the person in the story.
作者 乐耀
机构地区 北京大学中文系
出处 《当代语言学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2010年第4期338-347,共10页 Contemporary Linguistics
基金 教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目"现代汉语语篇的结构和范畴研究"的资助(项目批号:2009JJD740001)
关键词 指称 叙事体 交际事件 所述事件 时空组织 语篇功能 person-reference narrative communicative event spatiotemporal organization discourse function
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参考文献8

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  • 2Chafe, W.L. 1976. Giveness, contrastiveness, definiteness, subjects, topics and point of view. In C.N. Li,ed., Subject and Topic. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 27- 55.
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