“十七年文学”人道主义思潮及其命运

The Development of Humanistic Trend in Chinese Literary History from 1949 to 1966

中国当代五六十年代,人道主义被视为"资产阶级思想"、"修正主义的理论",备受防范、压制和批判。"十七年文学"中对人道主义的批判,于50年代初拉开帷幕,其中以批判《关连长》和《洼地上的"战役"》最具代表性。1956年至1957年上半年短暂的"百花齐放、百家争鸣"之后,反资产阶级思想的斗争不断升级,与此相呼应,文艺界于1957年、1960年、1964年先后针对"人性论"和"资产阶级人道主义"进行了三次大规模的讨伐,至"文化大革命",人道主义终于被彻底断送。

In the 1950s and 1960s, humanism in Chinese literature, labeled as ＂capitalistic thoughts＂ and ＂revisionism theory＂, was cautioned against, persecuted and criticized. The critique of humanistic trend started in the 1950s, with the criticism of Company Commander Zhu and ＂Battle＂ on the Hollow as the representative. From 1956 to the first half of 1957, criticism of humanistic trend slack- ened, when the slogan of ＂let a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thoughts contend＂ was upheld. Afterwards, the fights against anti-capitalism thoughts take hold. In 1957, 1960 and 1964, three battles were waged against ＂theory of human nature＂ and ＂capitalistic humanism＂. When the Cultural Revolution started, humanism was exterminated.