国外林地产权文献与政策综述

The Literature and Policy Reviews of Forestland Tenures in Other Countries

从产权概念、原生居民和习惯产权、有关产权的政策与法律、产权组织方式、产权的冲突与解决方式、产权与贫困等方面进行了文献综述。文献表明,产权作为一种人与土地以及其他自然资源的相互关系,对农村地区,特别是贫困人口的影响尤为重要。不同产权定义的宗旨都是通过产权的明晰,促进贫困地区经济的增长,提高人民的生活水平。产权的具体安排,需要尊重当地居民和社区的习惯;在制定政策或法律时,需要充分考虑其对森林资源和土地的依赖性。在推进林权改革时,应从以下方面来努力：提供清晰且有保障的森林产权,从单一所有制向多样化的产权所有制转变,承认社区管理的合法性,提高产权所有者进行可持续森林管理的能力,帮扶妇女等弱势群体,分配给贫困人口经济价值较高的森林资源等。

The literature review has taken in the fields of the definitions of forestland tenure,local and custom property,and policies and laws for tenure,land tenure conflicts and their solution,poverty and forestland tenure.These policies and literatures show that forestland tenures have played an important role in the objectives of defining the land tenures are to reduce poverty and raise local peoples＇ welfares.The forestland tenure arrangements should consider the local demand,and local forest resource and other land allocation.The development trends of forestland tenures are as follows：from single to multi-forestland tenure arrangement,and local community management,to push forest resource sustainable management and help local peoples.